Pitri Paksha (Sanskrit: पितृ पक्ष), additionally spelt as Pitru paksha, (actually "fortnight of the ances tors") is a 16–lunar day time frame when Hindus pay praise to their precursors (Pitris), particularly through sustenance offerings. The period is otherwise called Pitri Pakshya, Pitri Pokkho, Sola Shraddha ("sixteen shraddhas"), Kanagat, Jitiya, Mahalaya Paksha and Apara paksha.
Pitri Paksha is considered by Hindus to be unfavorable, given the passing custom performed amid the service, known as Shraddha or tarpan. It falls in the Hindu lunar month of Bhadrapada (September–October), starting with the full moon day (Purnima) that happens promptly after the Ganesh celebration and closure with the new moon day known as Sarvapitri amavasya, Mahalaya amavasya or essentially Mahalaya. In North India and Nepal, this period relates to the dim fortnight of the month Ashvin, rather than Bhadrapada.
As indicated by Hindu mythology, the souls of three going before eras of one's precursor dwell in Pitri–loka, a domain amongst paradise and earth. This domain is administered by Yama, the lord of death, who takes the spirit of a diminishing man from earth to Pitri–lok. At the point when a man of the cutting edge passes on, the original movements to paradise and joins with God, so Shraddha offerings are not given. Hence, just the three eras in Pitri–lok are given Shraddha rituals, in which Yama assumes a noteworthy part. As per the consecrated Hindu legends (Itihas), toward the start of Pitri Paksha, the sun enters the zodiac indication of Virgo (Kanya). Harmonizing with this minute, it is trusted that the spirits leave Pitri–loka and dwell in their relatives' homes for a month until the sun enters the following zodiac—Scorpio (Vrichchhika)— and there is a full moon. Hindus are relied upon to appease the predecessors in the main half, amid the dull fortnight.
At the point when the fanciful contributor Karna passed on in the epic Mahabharata war, his spirit rose above to paradise, where he was offered gold and gems as sustenance. Be that as it may, Karna required genuine sustenance to eat and solicited Indra, the ruler from paradise, the explanation behind serving gold as nourishment. Indra told Karna that he had given gold all his life, however had never given sustenance to his precursors in Shraddha. Karna said that since he was unconscious of his precursors, he never gave anything in their memory. To offer some kind of reparation, Karna was allowed to come back to earth for a 16–day period, with the goal that he could perform Shraddha and give nourishment and water in their memory. This period is currently known as Pitri Paksha. In a few legends, Yama replaces Indra.
The fifteen days of Malaya Paksha comprises of 15 Tithi (additionally called Thithi). They are Pratipat, Dvitiya, Tritiya, Chaturthi, Panchami, Shashti, Saptami, Ashtami, Navami, Dasami, Ekadasi, Dvadasi, Trayodasi, Chaturdashi, Amavasya (new moon). As indicated by Hindu mythology, each person who needs to perform this Pitri Tarpan, they ought to do it around the same time of their precursor passed on which will fall inside any of these fifteen days.
The execution of Shraddha by a child amid Pitri Paksha is viewed as an obligatory by Hindus, to guarantee that the spirit of the predecessor goes to paradise. In this connection, the sacred writing Garuda Purana says, "there is no salvation for a man without a child". The sacred writings lecture that a householder ought to appease precursors (Pitris), alongside the divine beings (devas), apparitions (bhutas) and visitors. The sacred writing Markandeya Purana says that if the progenitors are content with the shraddhas, they will present wellbeing, riches, information and life span, and eventually paradise and salvation (moksha) upon the entertainer.
The execution of Sarvapitri amavasya rituals can likewise remunerate an overlooked or disregarded yearly shraddha function, which ought to preferably correspond with the passing commemoration of the expired. As indicated by Sharma, the service is vital to the idea of heredities. Shraddha includes oblations to three going before eras—by recounting their names—and in addition to the legendary heredity progenitor (gotra). A man consequently becomes acquainted with the names of six eras (three going before era, his own and two succeeding eras—his children and grandsons) throughout his life, reaffirming heredity ties. The shraddha is performed on the particular lunar day amid the Pitri Paksha, when the precursor—as a rule a guardian or fatherly grandparent—kicked the bucket. There are exemptions to the lunar day principle; extraordinary days are assigned for individuals who kicked the bucket in a specific way or had a specific status in life. Chautha Bharani and Bharani Panchami, the fourth and fifth lunar day individually, are apportioned for individuals perished in the previous year. Avidhava navami ("Unwidowed ninth"), the ninth lunar day, is for hitched ladies who kicked the bucket before their better half. Widowers welcome Brahmin ladies as visitors for their significant other's shraddha. The twelfth lunar day is for kids and religious austerity who had revoked the common joys. The fourteenth day is known as Ghata chaturdashi or Ghayala chaturdashi, and is saved for those individuals killed by arms, in war or endured a vicious demise.
Mahalaya marks the formal start of the Durga Puja celebration
Sarvapitri amavasya ("all fathers' new moon day") is proposed for all progenitors, regardless of the lunar day they passed on. It is the most critical day of the Pitri Paksha. The individuals who have neglected to perform shraddha can do as such on this day. A shraddha custom performed on this day is considered as productive as one directed in the sacred city of Gaya, which is seen as a unique spot to perform the ceremony, and hosts a reasonable amid the Pitri Paksha period. Mahalaya is the day when the goddess Durga is accepted to have dropped to Earth. Bengali individuals generally wake up at a young hour in the morning on Mahalaya to recount psalms from the Devi Mahatmyam (Chandi) sacred text. Offerings to the predecessors are made in homes and at puja mandaps (interim shrines).[9][10] Matamaha ("Mother's dad") or Dauhitra ("Daughter's child") additionally denote the primary day of the month of Ashvin and start of the brilliant fortnight. It is alloted for the grandson of the expired maternal granddad.
The custom is additionally hung on the demise commemoration of the progenitor. The shraddha is performed just at twelve, more often than not on the bank of a waterway or lake or at one's own particular house. Families may likewise make a journey to spots like Varanasi and Gaya to perform Shraddha.
It is crucial that Shraddha is performed by the child—normally the eldest—or male relative of the fatherly branch of the family, restricted to the previous three eras. In any case, on Sarvapitri amavasya or matamaha, the girl's child can offer Shraddha for the maternal side of his family if a male beneficiary is truant in his mom's family. A few standings just perform the shraddha for one era. Before performing the custom, the male ought to have encountered a hallowed string service. Since the service is viewed as unfavorable because of its relationship with death, the illustrious group of Kutch, the lord or beneficiaries of the throne are precluded from directing Shraddha.
Nourishment
The nourishment offerings made to the precursors are generally cooked in silver or copper vessels and regularly put on a banana leaf or containers made of dried clears out. The sustenance must incorporate Kheer (a sort of sweet rice and drain, rice, dal (lentils), the vegetable of spring bean.
Ceremonies of Shraddha
The male who performs the shraddha ought to be wash up in advance and is relied upon to wear a dhoti. He wears a ring of Kush. At that point the precursors are conjured to dwell in the ring. The shraddha is generally performed uncovered chested, as the position of the sacrosanct string worn by him should be changed numerous times amid the service. The shraddha includes pinda-daan, which is an offering to the precursors of pindas (cooked rice and grain flour balls blended with ghee and dark sesame seeds), going with the arrival of water from the hand. It is trailed by the love of Vishnu in type of the Kush, a gold picture or Shaligram stone and Yama. The sustenance offering is then made, cooked particularly for the service on the rooftop. The offering is thought to be acknowledged if a crow arrives and eats up the nourishment; the fledgling is accepted to be an errand person from Yama or the soul of the progenitors. A bovine and a canine are likewise sustained, and Brahmin ministers are additionally offered sustenance. Once the predecessors (crow) and Brahmins have eaten, the relatives can start lunch.
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